The Lieutenant Governor takes over if the Governor leaves office. In many states they also lead the state senate and can break tie votes there, and the Governor often gives them other duties. In some states the Governor and Lieutenant Governor run together as a team, so one vote elects both.
A primary decides which candidates advance to the general election. In most states each party picks its own nominee. In a few states, every candidate shares one primary ballot and the top finishers advance.
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